For the commercialization of flexible dye sensitized solar cells (DSCs), to achieve high performance from a thin TiO2 active layer (~1- μm) is indispensable because of mechanical stability and low cost fabrication. Molecular engineering of sensitizers plays a key role in the performance of thin film DSCs as the following strategies: (1) planarity for high extinction coefficients, (2) low aggregation to prevent the self-quenching of photo-excited excitons, and (3) strong intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) for efficient charge injection and broad absorption.
Therefore, we developed the three types of dithieno[3,2-b;2′,3′-d]thiophene (DTT)-based organic sensitizers for high-performance thin photoactive TiO2 films and investigate the different types of bonding between the triarylamine electron donor and the conjugated DTT π-bridge by the introduction of single (S-DAHTDTT), double (D-DAHTDTT), and triple bonds (T-DAHTDTT). As a result, with only 1.3-μm transparent and 2.5-μm TiO2 scattering layers, the triple bond sensitizer (T-DAHTDTT) shows the highest power conversion efficiency (η = 8.4%; VOC = 0.73 V, JSC = 15.4 mA·cm−2 and FF = 0.75) in an iodine electrolyte system under one solar illumination (AM 1.5, 1000 W·m−2), followed by the single bond sensitizer (S-DAHTDTT) (η = 7.6%) and the double bond sensitizer (D-DAHTDTT) (η = 6.4%). In this study, we suggests that the triple bond can increase the performance of DSC with a thin photoactive film by enhancing not only JSC through improved ICT, but also VOC through the evenly distributed sensitizer surface coverage. We analyzed these correlation mainly in terms of charge injection efficiency, level of photo-charge storage, and charge transport kinetics.
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