Materials crystallizing in noncentrosymmetric (NCS) structures may show certain properties such as pyroelectricitiy, piezoelectricity, ferroelectricity, and nonlinear optical properties. To achieve a macroscopic NCS structure, bismuth, tellurium, and NO3- were used in the synthesis as constituents. Since the lone pairs on Bi3+ and Te4+ cations are stereochemically active, they can exhibit asymmetric coordination environment. The π-conjugated electron in the NO3- group can also facilitate the nonlinear optical property.
The hydrothermally synthesized material reveals a layered nonpolar structure with a weak hydrogen bond interaction. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group, P212121. Two types of existing telluriums, Te4+ and Te6+ show see-saw and octahedral coordination environment with oxide ligands, respectively. Bi3+ cations are linked to oxygen atoms and form BiO9 and BiO10 polyhedra. NO3- is connected to the bismuth atoms. Powder second-harmonic generation (SHG) measurements indicate that the NCS material has a SHG efficiency of 20 times that of α-SiO2. Further experiments were performed to exfoliate the layers of the material. By adding diluted hydrazine to the sonicated crystals, exfoliated products were obtained, which were characterized by X-ray diffraction and SEM.
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